Working Principle And Classification Of Centrifugal Pumps

Feb 09, 2025

Centrifugal pump is the most common type of pump, which is mainly composed of eight parts: impeller, pump body, pump cover, water blocking ring, pump shaft, bearings, sealing ring, and packing box. When the prime mover drives the pump shaft and impeller to rotate at high speed, the liquid moves in a circular motion with the impeller on one hand, and is thrown out from the center of the impeller outward under the action of centrifugal force on the other hand. The liquid obtains pressure energy and velocity energy from the impeller. When the liquid flows through the vortex shell to the discharge port, some of the velocity energy will be converted into static pressure energy. When the liquid is thrown out of the impeller, a low-pressure area is created in the center of the impeller, which forms a pressure difference with the pressure of the suction liquid surface. As a result, the liquid is continuously sucked in and discharged at a certain pressure. So constantly circulating, the liquid is sent to another place.
Centrifugal pumps are actually a very complex type of pump with a wide variety of models. Let's take a look at how centrifugal pumps are classified.
(1) Centrifugal pumps are divided into single-stage centrifugal pumps and multi-stage centrifugal pumps according to the number of impellers.
(2) According to the suction method of the impeller, it can be divided into single suction centrifugal pumps and double suction centrifugal pumps.
(3) According to the position of the pump shaft, it can be divided into horizontal pumps (installed horizontally) and vertical pumps (installed vertically).
(4) According to the type of pump casing, it can be divided into segmented centrifugal pumps and horizontal open centrifugal pumps.
(5) According to the conveying medium, it is divided into water pumps (conveying water), oil pumps (conveying oil products), chemical pumps (conveying acid and alkali or other chemical raw materials), and drilling pumps (conveying drilling fluid).