Classification And Overview Of Water Supply Pump Stations

Jan 26, 2025

Classification of Water Supply Pump Stations
1, There are various classification methods for water supply pump stations based on their water sources, control methods, and roles in the water distribution system.
2, According to the relationship between the elevation of the ground inside and outside the pump room, unobstructed sewage pump stations can be divided into surface pump stations, semi underground pump stations, and underground pump stations.
3, According to the operation and control methods of pump stations, pump stations can be divided into four types: manual control, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and remote control pump stations. A semi-automatic pump station refers to a system where the initial command is manually pressed to close or cut off the circuit, and subsequent operational procedures are controlled using various relays. In a fully automated pump station, all operating procedures are completed by the corresponding automatic control system. All operations of the remote control pump station are carried out in the central control room located far away from the pump station.
According to the position and function of pumping stations in the water transmission and distribution system, they can be divided into four types: water intake pumping stations, water supply pumping stations, booster pumping stations, and circulating pumping stations.
1. Water intake pump station
The water intake pump station is also known as a primary pump station in water supply engineering. A water intake pump station that uses surface water as its water source generally consists of three parts: a suction well, a pump room, and a valve well (also known as a gate valve switching well). Water intake pump
Due to its proximity to the water source, the hydrological characteristics of the water source, the engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of the shore, shipping, etc. will directly affect the burial depth, structural form, construction difficulty, and project cost of the pump room, water intake structure, and suction well. The water level of rivers in mountainous areas fluctuates greatly, with the highest and lowest flood levels sometimes differing by more than ten meters or even more. In order to ensure that the water pump meets the suction requirements at the lowest water level and is not submerged at the highest flood level, the height of the pump room is generally large. For this type of pump room, circular reinforced concrete structures are generally used to reduce the amount and cost of construction. The planar area of the pump room has a significant impact on the cost of the pump station. Therefore, when arranging equipment inside the pump room, it is necessary to make full use of the space inside the pump room. The water pump unit and gate valve are arranged at the lowest level of the pump room, and the power distribution equipment and control equipment are arranged on the upper platform. This arrangement not only fully utilizes the space in the pump room, reduces project costs, but also benefits the ventilation and moisture prevention of electrical equipment.
In the northern plain areas of our country, due to the lack of surface water, many towns rely on groundwater as their water source. When the quality of groundwater meets the drinking water standards, well pumping stations can directly deliver water to residential areas for residents to drink. Some large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises often have their own water sources. Sometimes, the same well pump station is equipped with production workshops to transport water to clean water structures and pumps to transport water to vehicles. In the plain areas of northern China, well pump stations are often used to extract groundwater from well groups. In order to prevent mutual interference between wells and a significant drop in groundwater level, the distance between wells can sometimes reach several kilometers, which brings many inconveniences to the operation and management of well pump stations. Therefore, remote control is often used to control the operation of each well pump and the relevant parameters of well pump operation.
2. Water supply pump station
The water supply pump station is also known as a secondary pump station in water supply engineering. It mainly consists of structures such as suction wells, pump rooms, and valve wells. The water supply pump station is usually built inside the water plant, and the purified water from the water plant comes from the clean water tank
Entering the suction well, the water pump draws water from the well and sends it to the water supply network through the main water pipe.
The suction well should be conducive to the layout, installation, and maintenance of the suction pipe while meeting the conditions for water pump suction pipe. The planar shape of the suction well is generally rectangular.
The water level fluctuation in the suction well of the water supply pump station is relatively small, therefore, the burial depth of the automatic mixing and discharging pump room is generally shallow, and it is mostly a surface or semi underground pump room.
The flow rate and head of the water supply pump station are directly affected by the user's water consumption and pressure, as the user's water consumption changes day by day and hour by hour. Therefore, in order to adapt to the changes in water consumption of users in the water supply network, the water supply pump station must set up pumps of different models and quantities to meet the requirements of users. There are many models and quantities of water supply pump station units, therefore, the length and building area of the pump room are relatively large, and the operation and management of the units are complex.
3. Boosting pump station
The urban water supply network has a large water supply area and a long transmission and distribution pipeline. When the user's location is high, the buildings are high, the required water pressure is high, or the terrain in the city is undulating, relying on the water supply pump station to meet the user's water pressure requirements will inevitably increase the head of the water pump. This not only consumes a lot of energy, but also causes high pressure in the pipeline near the water supply pump station, increases the amount of pipeline leakage, and makes the pipeline and sanitary appliances vulnerable to damage. At this point, a booster pump station can be added to the pipeline network through technical and economic comparisons. In addition, the development of urban water supply systems lags far behind the development of urban construction, resulting in a common problem of insufficient water pressure in residential areas. Therefore, many residential areas adopt the method of using booster pumps and 4-station water supply.
There are generally two forms of booster pump stations: ① adopting the method of directly connecting water pumps in series on the water pipeline for pressurization. This pressurization method allows the pumps in the water supply pump station and the pressurization pump station to operate synchronously. It is suitable for situations where the water transmission distance is long and the pressurized area is large; ② Adopting the method of water tank and pump station pressurization (also known as reservoir pump station pressurization). The water supply pump station transports water to the reservoir through the pipeline network, and the water pump in the booster pump station absorbs water from the reservoir and transports it to the pipeline network. This pressurization method, due to the installation of the reservoir (also known as a reservoir), will have a certain regulating effect on the water load in the city, which is conducive to the uniform working system of the water supply pump station and the scheduling and management of the units. Due to the relatively uniform working system of the water supply pump station, the head loss of the water transmission network can be reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption. This pressurization method is more suitable for pressurized water supply in urban residential areas. It uses low peak water usage at night to store water and pumps water from the reservoir during peak water usage to meet the needs of users.
4. Circulating pump station
In some industrial and mining enterprises, in order to reduce the amount of water resources and achieve the goal of water conservation, some cooling water can be recycled or production water can be reused after simple treatment. In this case, a circulating pump station needs to be set up to achieve the above purpose. Circulating pump stations generally require water pumps to transport cold and hot water. The water pump that pumps hot water sends the waste hot water discharged from the production workshop to the cooling structure for cooling. The cooled water is then pumped by the cold water pump to the production workshop for cooling purposes. If the cooling structure is located high, the cooled water can flow into the production workshop for use by production equipment. Sometimes the wastewater discharged from the production workshop contains impurities. In this case, the wastewater needs to be first sent to the water purification structure for treatment, and then pumped back to the production workshop for use by the sewage lift pump.
The water pressure required by the water supply object of the circulating pump station is relatively stable, and the water volume varies with the seasons; The safety requirements for water supply are high, and there are many water pumps. In order to ensure good suction conditions and convenient operation and management of the water pumps, they are mostly self filled. Therefore, most circulating pump stations are built semi underground.